As Côte d’Ivoire approaches its 2025 presidential election, fear and uncertainty loom large, fueled by past electoral crises and political exclusions. The nation grapples with divisive issues and the growing possibility of unrest.
As Côte d’Ivoire gears up for the 2025 presidential election on October 25th, the air is thick with tension and fear. The scars from past electoral crises, particularly those of 2010–11 and 2020, have yet to heal, and many are bracing themselves for the possibility of another outbreak of violence. The lingering effects of the 2010-11 post-electoral crisis, which saw over 3,000 lives lost, and the 2020 violence, which claimed around 50 lives, have created a climate of unease in the country.
A Nation on Edge: The Shadow of Past Crises
The painful memories of the past continue to haunt the Ivorian population, with many recalling the horrific scenes that marked Yamoussoukro, the nation’s capital, in the 2010s and 2020s. The deep political divides of the past are not easily forgotten, and they have set the stage for another potentially volatile election cycle. The fear of a repeat of previous electoral violence is palpable in both urban and rural areas.
In the lead-up to the 2025 elections, tensions have been exacerbated by the exclusion of several prominent opposition leaders from the electoral list. This has only added fuel to the fire of political distrust and division, which has characterized much of the nation’s political landscape in recent years.
Exclusions and Disputes: The Politically Charged Atmosphere
Four influential political figures have been barred from the upcoming elections, sparking outrage from their supporters. Laurent Gbagbo, former president of Côte d’Ivoire and leader of the African People’s Party of Côte d’Ivoire (PPA-CI), is among those excluded. Despite his acquittal by the International Criminal Court (ICC), Gbagbo remains burdened with a 20-year prison sentence in Côte d’Ivoire for his role in the 2011 crisis.
Similarly, Charles Blé Goudé, Gbagbo’s former minister and leader of the Pan-African Congress of Young People and Patriots (COJEP), was also acquitted by the ICC but faces a 20-year sentence in absentia for charges related to torture, manslaughter, and rape during the post-electoral crisis.
Guillaume Soro, a former rebel leader and ex-prime minister, is another notable figure excluded from the electoral process. Soro, who is living in exile, was sentenced to life in prison for attempting to overthrow the government, and he faces additional charges related to embezzlement.
Finally, Tidjane Thiam, a new political figure and the leader of the Democratic Party of Côte d’Ivoire (PDCI), was disqualified after the court ruled that he lost his Ivorian nationality in 1987 when he acquired French citizenship.
These exclusions have sparked accusations of political manipulation by the ruling party, the RHDP. Supporters of the excluded leaders argue that these moves are designed to secure a victory for the incumbent government by eliminating key opposition figures from the race.
Calls for Reform and Dialogue
The exclusion of key opposition figures has led to calls for electoral reform. The opposition has demanded a revision of the electoral list and a reform of the Independent Electoral Commission (CEI), which they claim is too closely aligned with the government. They also call for an audit of the electoral register to ensure transparency and fairness in the process.
However, the government has rejected these demands, claiming that it is too late in the process to make such changes. This has left the opposition feeling frustrated and alienated, leading to a hardening of positions and an escalation in political tensions.
The Role of Religion in the Political Climate
In the face of growing political instability, many Ivorians are turning to their faith for solace and guidance. Religious leaders across the country have called for prayers for peace in the lead-up to the election. Churches and mosques have become spaces for both spiritual reflection and political discourse, with many citizens praying for calm and stability in the nation.
While religion has historically played a prominent role in Côte d’Ivoire’s social and political life, the recent crises have raised concerns about religious polarization. During the previous electoral crises, many Ivorians felt that their religious identities were weaponized by political leaders, leading to divisions among different faith groups. Now, there is a shared sense of fear that these divisions could resurface in the lead-up to the 2025 election.
The Uncertainty of Alassane Ouattara’s Candidature
Another factor contributing to the growing political tension is the uncertainty surrounding the candidacy of President Alassane Ouattara. Ouattara, who has been in power since 2011, faced significant opposition to his bid for a third term in 2020, which sparked violent protests and political unrest.
As the 2025 election approaches, Ouattara’s supporters are once again urging him to run, despite doubts about his eligibility. In June 2025, during a meeting of his party, the RHDP, Ouattara expressed ambivalence about his candidacy, stating that he would take time to reflect before making a final decision.
Opponents, however, argue that Ouattara should not run for a fourth term, claiming that it would violate the nation’s constitution. For many Ivorians, the possibility of Ouattara’s re-election is a source of deep division, with some fearing that it could trigger further unrest.
Widespread Fear and Anxiety
As election day draws nearer, many Ivorians are feeling a sense of dread. In Abidjan, the nation’s commercial capital, taxi driver Keita Mory reflects the mood of many when he says, “The elections are approaching. When we recall those of 2010 and 2020, we can only be afraid. I know people who are intending to leave the city during the election.”
In Daloa, a mother named Seri Juliette recalls the loss of her husband during the 2011 crisis and worries for her children’s future. “My son was one year old. It’s still traumatic today. I pray that this election does not turn into another drama,” she says.
In Toumodi, a town ravaged by inter-communal violence in 2020, local resident Konan Yvonne speaks of the deep-rooted fear that still lingers: “Here, people were burned alive, houses and shops were pillaged. We live with this fear. Every time we talk about elections, there is panic.”
A Proposal for Peace
Political analyst Eddi Bibi Junior believes that Côte d’Ivoire is at a crossroads in its democratic journey. He argues that the tensions are a result of deep-seated political divisions and the ongoing fallout from previous crises. To avoid further escalation, Bibi suggests that all parties government, opposition, and civil society engage in a national dialogue to address electoral reforms and the concerns of the opposition.
Additionally, he proposes the possibility of an amnesty or exceptional measure that would allow certain excluded leaders to regain their civic rights, sending a strong message of reconciliation.
Bibi also urges all political actors to adopt a more responsible and respectful tone, calling on civil society to mediate and promote dialogue. He believes that only through such efforts can Côte d’Ivoire hope to avoid a repeat of the violence and division that marred previous elections.
Political Stability in Côte d’Ivoire: A Key to Sustainable Peace
Côte d’Ivoire’s path to long-lasting peace and stability lies in its ability to reform its political structures and foster inclusivity. The history of political turmoil, particularly following the 2010-2011 post-election violence, has shown that exclusionary practices and failure to engage in meaningful dialogue can trigger devastating conflicts. For the 2025 elections, it is crucial that all political factions, including opposition parties, be allowed to participate without facing legal or administrative barriers. Without such reforms, the risk of another violent conflict remains high. Only through a truly inclusive electoral process can Côte d’Ivoire move toward healing and long-term political stability.
The Role of International Support in Côte d’Ivoire’s Electoral Reform Process
As Côte d’Ivoire prepares for the 2025 presidential elections, the role of international partners becomes increasingly important. The support of the international community in monitoring elections, providing technical assistance, and promoting dialogue between the government and opposition can be pivotal in ensuring a peaceful process. The European Union, United Nations, and other regional bodies such as ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) have a crucial role to play in encouraging electoral reforms and fostering trust between political factions. Their involvement could help prevent the recurrence of past crises by facilitating an open and fair electoral environment.
Conclusion: A Call for Peaceful Elections
As Côte d’Ivoire heads toward its 2025 presidential election, the stakes are high. The political climate is fraught with tension, and the memories of past crises continue to haunt the nation. The exclusion of key political figures, the uncertainty surrounding President Ouattara’s candidacy, and the fear of renewed violence have created a charged atmosphere.
Despite these challenges, there is hope that through dialogue, reform, and collective action, Côte d’Ivoire can navigate this critical moment in its history and hold a peaceful, democratic election.
For more information on electoral reforms and peace initiatives, visit this website Electoral Reforms.
